Process Management: PM2 vs Kubernetes.

In Simple Words:

• PM2: Excellent for standalone virtual machines (EC2). Manages clustering, log aggregation, and autorestarts on crashes.
• Kubernetes: Standard for cloud-native enterprise deployments. Handles pod replication, horizontal autoscaling (HPA), rolling updates, and self-healing across nodes.

// PM2 ecosystem.config.js for zero-downtime clustering on VMs:
module.exports = {
  apps: [{
    name: 'api-server',
    script: 'dist/server.js',
    instances: 'max', // One process per CPU core
    exec_mode: 'cluster',
    max_memory_restart: '500M'
  }]
};