What are the optimization techniques of V8 engine?

V8 engine uses the below optimization techniques.

1. Inline expansion: It is a compiler optimization by replacing the function calls with the corresponding function blocks.
2. Copy elision: This is a compiler optimization method to prevent expensive extra objects from being duplicated or copied.
3. Inline caching: It is a runtime optimization technique where it caches the execution of older tasks those can be lookup while executing the same task in the future.

Practical Code Example

// V8 Optimization Techniques:
// 1. Hidden Classes: Creates shared internal shapes for objects initialized with same keys
function Point(x, y) {
  this.x = x;
  this.y = y; // V8 creates one hidden class C0 -> C1 -> C2
}

// 2. Inline Caching (IC): Caches property offset lookups in machine code