Do all objects have prototypes

No. All objects have prototypes except two exceptions:

• Object.prototype itself — This is the base object in the prototype chain, and its prototype is null.
• Objects created with **Object.create(null)** — These are deliberately created with no prototype, so they don’t inherit from Object.prototype.

All other standard objects do have a prototype.

Practical Code Example

// Do ALL objects have prototypes?
// NO! Objects created with Object.create(null) have NO prototype:
const normalObj = {};
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(normalObj) === Object.prototype); // true

const bareObj = Object.create(null);
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(bareObj)); // null (No toString, valueOf, etc.)